Green Nanotechnology for Biofuel Production by Neha Srivastava & Manish Srivastava & Himanshu Pandey & P. K. Mishra & Pramod W. Ramteke

Author:Neha Srivastava & Manish Srivastava & Himanshu Pandey & P. K. Mishra & Pramod W. Ramteke
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783319750521
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Technologies in an urgent attempt to alleviate fossil fuel usage and CO2 emissions, fuels, heat or electricity must be economic, energetically efficient, environmentally friendly, and not competitive with food production due to unsustainability of the current fossil fuel usage and its successive greenhouse gas production. Carbon materials, especially for porous carbon materials and nanostructured materials, with hierarchically ordered porosity and structures have been heavily involved in newly developed energy storage and conversion systems. With meticulous design and ingenious hierarchical structure of porosities by mimic nature, hierarchically structured porous carbon materials can provide large surface areas for reaction, interfacial transport, and dispersion of active sites at different length scales of pores to shorten the diffusion lengths as well as to increase the diffusion rate. It can be also widely used in energy storage devices such as supercapacitor and lithium ion battery.

To date, several researches on state-of-the-art carbons and porous carbon materials with well-controlled porosity including micropore, mesopore, and macropore have wide variety of applications in environmental remediation (separation science and water purification), heterogeneous catalyst supports, sensing devices, and the developing areas of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.

Moreover, a tremendous wave of interest in elucidating the relationship between performance and their physicochemical properties including surface area, porosity, surface property, electrical conductivity, and chemical stability has been illustrated. It shows that the porous structure of porous carbon materials can play a crucial role in determining and optimizing the performance in the abovementioned applications. It is also noteworthy that the required disruptive improvement in energy and environmental science has motivated the design of the structure, porous architecture, and surface functionality/polarity of porous carbon materials through the aid of suitable templates (soft templates and hard templates) and pore surface modification.

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